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Inthepast,operationsweredifficult.Untilthemiddleoftheeighteenfifties,surgerywasverydangerous.Manypatientsdiedaftereventhesmallestoperations.Thiswasbecausebacteriaenteredthecutsinthepatientsbodied’andstartedinfection.Insomecountries,upto90percentofpatientsdiedfrominfectionafteroperations.In1865,however,JosephLister,aBritishsurgeon,foundananswertotheproblem.Heusedan“antisepticduring”andafteroperations.Thiskilledthedangerousbacteriaandmostofhispatientslived.Sincethen,surgeonshaveusedantisepticsinalloperations.SurgeryhasdevelopedinmanyimportantwayssincethedayofJosephLister.Today,whenpatientsgotohospitalforanoperation,theycanexpectthebesttreatment,incleanandhygienicconditions.
33.Operationsweredifficultanddangerousuntil_______.
A.1850
B.themiddleof1850
C.themiddleofthefiftiesoftheeighteenthcentury
D.themiddleofthefiftiesofthenineteenthcentury
34.Inthepassage,surgerymeans__________.
A.Theperformingofanoperation
B.cure
C.treatment
D.medicine
35.Inthepast,upto90percentofpatientsdiedafteroperationsmainlyb
ecause__________.
A.bacteriaenteredthecutsinthepatientsbodies’andinfectiontookplace
B.theconditionsinhospitalswerebad
C.theskillofsurgeonswasnotsogood
D.therewerenogoodmedicineatthattime
36.Whichtopicofthefollowingbestsuitsthepassage?
A.Operationsweredifficultinthepast
B.ThedevotionofJosephListertomedicalscience
C.Surgeryhasbecomesafer
D.Developmentsinsurgery
37.JosephListerwas________.
A.aFrenchman
B.aGerman
C.anEnglishman
D.anAmeric
Directions:Inthispart,therearefouritemswhichyoushouldtranslateintoChinese,eachitemconsistingofonesentence.ThesesentencesarealltakenfromthereadingpassagesyouhavejustreadinPartIIIoftheTestPaper.Youareallowedminutestodothetranslation.Youcanreferbacktothepassagessoastoidentifytheirmeaninginthecontext.WriteyourtranslationontheTranslationSheetinTestPaperTwo.
T1.(Line2-3,Paragraph1,Passage1)
Thiswasbecausebacteriaenteredthecutsinthepatientsbodied’andstartedinfection.
T2.(Line2,Paragraph2,Passage2)
ManywererejectedbyU.S.medicalschoolssimplybecausetherewasnoroom.
T3:.(Line3-4,Paragraph1,Passage3):
Accusedofneglectingthispartofoureducation,myfatherinstitutedasummerschoolformybrotherandme.
T4:.(Line4-5,Paragraph1,Passage4)
Differentculturesaremorepronetocontractcertainillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.
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